A chronological order of events involving the Yak-130 in Myanmar.

• Unknown date before 28 May 2020: The first available footage which allegedly shows the Yak-130 in combat  in Rakhine State against insurgents. This footage is currently unverified by Myanmar Witness. Multiple unguided rockets are seen being fired.

• 10 February 2022: High-resolution satellite imagery obtained from Maxar by Japan Broadcasting  Corporation  (NHK) and  exclusively  analysed  by  Myanmar  Witness shows a Yak-130 on the northern runway (17.120503, 96.082530) at Hmawbi (ေမာ်ဘီ) airbase, Yangon. The jet appears to be carrying PTB-450 additional External Fuel Tanks, potentially suggesting it was photographed before or after a sortie. The six hangars close to where the Yak-130 is spotted (20.166575, 94.967130) were built in November 2021 - less than one month prior to the delivery of  six  Yak-130s  on  15  December  2021.  These hangars appear to be of the same design and dimensions as those in the Mandalay (မ ေလး ) airbase (21.682378, 95.985175), where the Yak-130s are known to be stationed.

• 18 February 2022: Two Yak-130 aircraft (believed to be tail numbers 1802 and 1803) were damaged when a bomb was detonated nearby at Hmawbi (ေမာ်ဘီ) Air Force Headquarters. It is believed that the attack was carried out by the People's Defence Force (PDF - Yangon)

• 21 February 2022: Confidential footage obtained from Free Burma Rangers and exclusively  analysed  by  Myanmar  Witness  shows  at  least  1  Yak-130  allegedly participating in an operation in the Nam Mae Kon area (နန်းမယ်ခံ), west of Loikaw, in Kayah State.

• 27 March 2022: During the 77th Armed Forces Day military parade in Naypyitaw (ေနြပည်ေတာ်), Myanmar, five Yak-130s were spotted flying overhead together, as well as an additional two Yak-130s with three Chinese-made K-8s.

• 10 April 2022: Facebook footage uploaded by Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) group Cobra Column and analysed by Myanmar Witness shows a Yak-130  flying  overhead  during  a  combat  mission  over  Lay  Kay  Kaw  Myothit (ေလးေက့ေကာ်မိသစ်). Audio depicts explosions and gunfire, while the early seconds of the video show a trail of black smoke behind the Yak-130’s wings: is typical of unguided rockets fired from underwing pods.

• 11  April  2022:  The  Cobra  Column  additionally  shared a high-resolution image  allegedly depicting the aircraft participating in a military operation in the early hours of 11 April 2022. Myanmar Witness has identified the aircraft as a Yak-130.

• 12 April 2022: Images from the following day posted by the same KNLA group show spent 23mm ammunition casings collected from the ground. Myanmar Witness suspects that  these  rounds  may  have  been  manufactured  in  Serbia  in  1989  based  on  the cartridge  stamps  –  which  indicate  the  manufacturing  company’s  initials,  year  of production  and  calibre  (however  further  verification  is  required  to  confirm  this information). It is important to note that the Yak-130 is not the only aircraft in MAF inventory equipped with a 23mm cannon.

• 18 May 2022: Footage surfaced of a Yak-130 firing its 23mm cannon and unguided rockets  near  Thay  Baw  Boe  (ေသ့ေဘာဘိးေကျးရွာ),  south  of  Myawaddy  (ြမဝတီ). Myanmar Witness is currently in the process of collecting more information about this attack, but it is believed to be in response to KNLA forces attacking the Thae Baw Boe (ေသ့ေဘာဘိးေကျးရွာ) army base. The video shows  a coordinated air-to-ground strike operation involving several different aircraft platforms: an ATR-42 (verified; believed to be operating in a reconnaissance capacity), two K-8s (verified; likely conducting airstrikes), at least one  Mi-35  attack  helicopter  (verified;  conducting  airstrikes),  a  MiG-29  (unverified; possibly conducting airstrikes), and there were claims that a CH-3 RPAS was also used (unverified; possibly for reconnaissance).

• 30 May 2022: Images depict several pieces of ordnance which Myanmar Witness has identified as the remains of S-8 unguided aerial rockets. The rockets, together  with  other  air-dropped  munitions  also  captured  by  the  photographs,  were allegedly  fired by three  aircraft  which attacked  a  PDF  camp  in  Sagaing (စစ်ကိင်းတိင်းေဒသ$ကီ) on 5 May 2022. The Yak-130 is not the only aircraft in MAF service equipped with S-8 rockets.

• 27-28 June 2022: a Facebook video shared by Khit Thit Media shows at least one Yak-130 performing two passes and launching several salvos of unguided rockets towards the ground. A second video, uploaded by KNLA group Cobra Column on 4 July – and allegedly filmed on the 27 and 28 of June – shows at least one Yak-130 performing at least five passes and firing around 18 salvos of unguided rockets. The aerial attack was allegedly carried out in the area south of Myawaddy Township (ြမဝတီမိနယ်) in Karen State. Myanmar Witness has been able to geolocate the two videos, which were filmed from the same location (16.291986, 98.664069), just 200m from the Thailand-Myanmar border. Myanmar Witness has previously seen a number of reports of fighting, as well as evidence of a number of IDPs originating from this area.

• 10 August 2022: Facebook video shows a Yak-130 filmed from Zokhawthar (23.364256, 93.383336), Mizoram State, India, while flying on the Burmese side of the border, women and children are heard screaming in the background.

• 19 November 2022: Facebook video shows a Yak-130 firing towards the ground, allegedly in Tibual, Falam (ဖလမ်းမြို့), Chin State.

• 21 November 2022: Several Facebook videos show at least one Yak-130 flying, allegedly over Mon State, as explosions are heard.